The Cannabis Review® | Terpenes :: MCR Labs

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The Cannabis Review® | Terpenes

Terpenes are molecules partially responsible for the aroma and taste of cannabis. They are naturally present in a number of fruits, spices, herbs and other vegetation, and research shows they have many potential medical applications. The Cannabis Review® | Terpenes is a collection of scientific studies that identify conditions treated by terpenes, by what mechanism, the magnitude of that effect, and the amount of the terpene used in the study.

Grade

This is the measurement of the nature and methodology of the scientific study.

	Double-blind, placebo controlled clinical study
	Open clinical trial study; no control group and no blinded clinical trial
	Non-human subject research on isolated cannabis compounds
	Non-human subject research on cannabis compound in a mixture

Magnitude of Effect

This identifies how effective the biological activity of the cannabinoid was treating the condition.

major	Biological activity has a major effect on the condition
moderate	Biological activity has a moderate effect on the condition
minor	Biological activity has a minor effect on the condition

Primary Studies

The following are scientific studies that have shown the effectiveness of terpenes treating specific conditions. Study names are linked to the studies, click to view.

Terpenes	Condition treated	Effect	Amount used	Study
Borneol (Also found in heterotheca, artemisia, callicarpa, dipterocarpaceae, blumea balsamifera & kaempferia galanga)	Cancer	Anticancer (major)	N/A	Natural Borneol, a Monoterpenoid Compound, Potentiates Selenocystine-Induced Apoptosis in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Enhancement of Cellular Uptake and Activation of ROS-Mediated DNA Damage
			N/A	Natural Borneol, a Monoterpenoid Compound, Potentiates Selenocystine-Induced Apoptosis in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Enhancement of Cellular Uptake and Activation of ROS-Mediated DNA Damage
			N/A	Natural borneol enhances bisdemethoxycurcumin-induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase through up-regulation of intracellular ROS in HepG2 cells
	Fungal contamination	Antifungal (major)	N/A	Borneol-grafted cellulose for antifungal adhesion and fungal growth inhibition
	Inflammation	Antiinflammatory (major)	N/A	Analgesic and Anti-inflammation Effect of Borneol
	Microbiological contamination	Antimicrobial (moderate)	4.91% of mixture	Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of Thyme (Thymusvulgaris) from Eastern Morocco
	Oral mucositis	Antiinflammatory (moderate)	1.2% of mixture, 2.4% of mixture	Anti-inflammatory and healing action of oral gel containing borneol monoterpene in chemotherapy-induced mucositis in rats ( Rattus norvegicus )
	Oral submucous fibrosis	Antifibrosis (moderate)	18.75 to 300 μg/mL	Influence of borneol on primary mice oral fibroblasts: a penetration enhancer may be used in oral submucous fibrosis
	Pain	Analgesics (major)	N/A	A clinical and mechanistic study of topical borneol‐induced analgesia
	Tension of the blood vessel walls	Vasorelaxant (moderate)	N/A	Investigation of Mechanisms Involved in (−)-Borneol-Induced Vasorelaxant Response on Rat Thoracic Aorta

Secondary Materials

The following are study reviews and other materials of note

Terpene	Condition treated	Effect	Study
Beta-Myrcene	Cancer	Antitumor (moderate)	Antitumor Activity of Monoterpenes Found in Essential Oils
Beta-Myrcene	Spasm	Antispasm (minor)	Essential oil composition of lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora) leaves cultivated in Mazandaran, Iran
Borneol	Insomnia	Anti-insomnia (moderate)	Herbal Insomnia Medications that Target GABAergic Systems: A Review of the Psychopharmacological Evidence
Caryophyllene	Cancer	Anticancer (moderate)	β‐caryophyllene and β‐caryophyllene oxide—natural compounds of anticancer and analgesic properties
Caryophyllene	Pain	Analgesic (moderate)	β‐caryophyllene and β‐caryophyllene oxide—natural compounds of anticancer and analgesic properties
Caryophyllene oxide	Cancer	Anticancer (moderate)	β‐caryophyllene and β‐caryophyllene oxide—natural compounds of anticancer and analgesic properties
	Oxidative stress	Antioxidant (moderate)	β‐caryophyllene and β‐caryophyllene oxide—natural compounds of anticancer and analgesic properties
	Pain	Analgesic (moderate)	β‐caryophyllene and β‐caryophyllene oxide—natural compounds of anticancer and analgesic properties
Eucalyptol	Cough	Cough suppresant (minor)	Survey of the bioactive and fragrant constituents separated by nano scale injection of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Var…
Geraniol	Tumor	Antitumor (major)	The antitumor effects of geraniol: Modulation of cancer hallmark pathways (Review)

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